Nucleosides, zvivharo zvekuvaka zve nucleic acids (DNA neRNA), inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza ruzivo rwemajini uye kutamisa. Kunyange zvazvo nucleosides yakajairika-adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uye uracil-inozivikanwa zvikuru, ndiyo nucleosides yakagadziridzwa iyo inowanzowedzera mutsara wekuoma uye kushanda kune biological systems.
Chii chinonzi Modified Nucleosides?
Modified nucleosides nucleotides yakagadziridzwa kemikari kunheyo yavo, shuga, kana phosphate boka. Aya magadzirirwo anogona kushandura chimiro chemuviri uye chemakemikari eiyo nucleotide, ichikanganisa kudyidzana kwayo nemamwe mamorekuru uye ichipesvedzera chimiro uye basa reiyo nucleic acid.
Mhando dzekunatsiridza uye nemabasa awo
Base Modifications: Izvi zvinosanganisira shanduko kune nitrogenous base ye nucleotide. Mienzaniso inosanganisira methylation, acetylation, uye glycosylation. Base shanduko inogona kukanganisa:
Kugadzikana: Mabhesi akagadziridzwa anogona kuwedzera kugadzikana kwe nucleic acids, kudzivirira kubva pakuora.
Kuzivikanwa: Mabhesi akagadziridzwa anogona kushanda senzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzemapuroteni, achifurira maitiro akaita seRNA splicing uye protein synthesis.
Basa: Mabhesi akagadziridzwa anogona kushandura basa re nucleic acids, sezvinoonekwa mu tRNA uye rRNA.
Shuga Kugadziriswa: Kugadziriswa kune ribose kana deoxyribose shuga kunogona kukanganisa kuwirirana uye kugadzikana kweiyo nucleic acid. Kugadziriswa shuga kwakajairika kunosanganisira methylation uye pseudouridylation.
Phosphate Kugadziriswa: Shanduko kumusana wephosphate inogona kukanganisa kugadzikana uye kushanduka kweiyo nucleic acid. Methylation yemapoka ephosphate inowanzoitika.
Mabasa eModified Nucleosides muBiological Systems
RNA Kugadzikana: Yakagadziridzwa nucleosides inobatsira kugadzikana kweRNA mamorekuru, achivadzivirira kubva pakuora.
Protein Synthesis: Yakagadziridzwa nucleosides mutRNA inoita basa rakakosha muprotein synthesis nekupesvedzera kupindirana kwekodon-anticodon.
Gene Regulation: Kugadziridzwa kuDNA neRNA kunogona kudzora mataurirwo ejini nekukanganisa kunyora, kupatsanura, uye kududzira.
Viral Replication: Mavhairasi mazhinji anoshandura nucleic acids kuti adzivise immune system.
Chirwere: Kuchinja kwemaitiro akagadziridzwa nucleoside kwakabatanidzwa kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kenza.
Zvishandiso zveModified Nucleosides
Therapeutic Agents: Nucleosides yakagadziridzwa inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga inorwisa mavhairasi uye anticancer.
Biomarkers: Yakagadziridzwa nucleosides inogona kushanda sema biomarker ezvirwere, ichipa manzwisisiro mumaitiro echirwere.
Synthetic Biology: Akagadziridzwa nucleosides anoshandiswa kugadzira synthetic nucleic acids ine novel properties.
Nanotechnology: Yakagadziridzwa nucleosides inogona kushandiswa kugadzira nanostructures kune akasiyana maapplication.
Mhedziso
Modified nucleosides zvinhu zvakakosha zvebiological system, kutamba mabasa akasiyana mukutaura kwemajini, mutemo, uye cellular maitiro. Zvimiro zvavo zvakasarudzika zvakavaita maturusi akakosha mubiotechnology, mushonga, uye nanotechnology. Sezvo kunzwisisa kwedu kwemamorekuru aya kuri kuramba kuchikura, tinogona kutarisira kuona mamwe maapplication matsva achibuda.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-31-2024